Pronouns (Parts of speech)
a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, for example he, it, hers, me, them, etc.
(Oxford Learner's Dictionary)
Pronouns replace nouns. A different pronoun is required depending on two elements: the noun being replaced and the function that noun has in the sentence. In English, pronouns only take the gender of the noun they replace in the 3rd person singular form. The 2nd person plural pronouns are identical to the 2nd person singular pronouns except for the reflexive pronoun.
Here are the details;
A. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
I 1st person singular
You 2nd person singular or can be plural
He 3rd person singular, male
She 3rd person singular, female
It 3rd person singular, neutral
We 1st person plural
They 3rd person plural
= Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their clause. In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition of the subject's name.
EXAMPLES
I am 22.
You have got beautiful eyes.
Gary is angry, and he wants Lisa to apologize.
Lisa lives in Church way.
This classroom is old. It needs to be repainted.
My friends and I weren't listening to the lecturer.
Marry and her sister don't like durian pancakes.
B. OBJECT PRONOUNS
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
= Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a clause.
EXAMPLES
Tell me the truth nothing but the truth.
The principle wants to talk to you.
Hafiz is hurt because Nafiz hit him.
Judy is disapointed because Sam doesn't tell her where he goes.
Sam lost her passport and can't find it.
They told us not to worry.
My neighbour loves big dog but we hate them.
C. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (DETERMINERS)
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
= Possessive adjectives are not pronouns, but rather determiners. It is useful to learn them at the same time as pronouns, however, because they are similar in form to the possessive pronouns. Possessive adjectives function as adjectives, so they appear before the noun they modify. They do not replace a noun as pronouns do.
EXAMPLES
Did Lisa know my name?
Mr. abdee wants to see your homework.
Can Bagas bring over his examination card?
Klara will fix her laptop tomorrow.
The dog broke its leg.
This is our beloved campus.
Where are their parents?
D. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Ours
Theirs
= Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns as either the subject or the object of a clause. Because the noun being replaced doesn't appear in the sentence, it must be clear from the context.
EXAMPLES
I'm glad that you are mine.
That's my bag, yours is not old.
That car looks like his.
These earrings are not hers.
This big and nice auditorium is now ours.
Our house is big but it's not as big as theirs.
E. REFLEXIVE & INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
Myself
Yourself or Yourselves (Plural)
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Themselves
= Reflexive and intensive pronouns are the same set of words but they have different functions in a sentence.
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause because the subject of the action is also the direct or indirect object. Only certain types of verbs can be reflexive. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.
EXAMPLES
I told myself to be patient.
You cut yourself on this thumb?
He hurt himself on the stairs.
She found herself in a dangerous part of jungle.
The hen threw itself under my car!
We blame ourselves for the failure.
The children can take care of themselves when we're away.
= Intensive pronouns emphasize the subject of a clause. They are not the object of the action. The intensive pronoun can always be removed from a sentence without changing the meaning significantly, although the emphasis on the subject will be removed. Intensive pronouns can be placed immediately after the subject of the clause, or at the end of the clause.
EXAMPLES
I wash the clothes myself.
You yourself watched the show.
The Principle himself excused her.
Mrs. Ratnawati didn't remember the answer herself.
The book itself gives the incorrect examples.
We promised to finish the roads repair before the fasting month ourselves.
The board of teachers themselves told me the student reduction wasn't a problem.
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