Regular & irregular (Verbs)

A.  Regular verbs

The past simple (V2) and the past participle (V3) of regular verbs is -ed:
       clean > cleaned       live > lived       paint > painted       study > Studied

Past simple

• I cleaned my room yesterday.
• Lucy studied English abroad.

Past participle
     Present perfect = To have (have, has) + past participle

• I have cleaned my room.
• Lucy has lived in Serang for all her life.

 
 Passive voice = To be (is, are, were, has been  etc.) + past participle

• The rooms are cleaned everyday.
• My car has been repainted.

B.  Irregular verbs

The past simple and past participle of Irregular verbs are not in -ed:
make       break       cut
made       broke       cut   < past simple
made       broken     cut   < past participle


Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same, for example:
make       find       buy          cut
made       found    bought     cut   <  past simple
made       found    bought     cut   <  past participle

• Mummy made cakes yesterday.  (past simple)
• I have made some coffee.  (past participle - present perfect)
• Yogurt is made from milk. (past participle - passive present)

Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different, for example:

know        begin        go

knew        began        went   <  past simple

known      begun       gone    <  past participle

• Someone broke the window last night.  (past simple)
• Someone has broken the window.  (past participle - present perfect)
• The window was broken last night.  (past participle - passive past)

The irregular verbs in a table

infinitive    simple past    past participle
be             was/were        been
bear              bore          borne/born
beat            beat        beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet* bet bet
bid bid, bade bid, bidden
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
burn*** burnt burnt
burst burst burst
bust* bust bust
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived/dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream*** dreamt dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade, forbad forbidden
forecast* forecast forecast
forget forgot forgotten
forsake forsook forsaken
freeze froze frozen
get got got, gotten
give gave given
grind ground ground
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn*** learnt learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie** lay lain
light* lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
prove* proved proven
put put put
quit* quit quit
read read read
rid rid rid
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew* sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
shear* sheared shorn
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show* showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
sow sowed sown
speak spoke spoken
speed* sped sped
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spit spat, spit spat, spit
split split split
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank, stunk stunk
stride strode stridden
strike struck struck
string strung strung
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swell* swelled swollen
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
thrive* throve thrived
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden, trod
understand understood understood
wake* woke woken
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
wet* wet wet
win won won
wind wound wound
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written


* regular form (+ -ed) also possible